弹丸侵彻高强度混凝土的高速摄影试验研究     

吝曼卿  夏元友  肖正学  王智德  陈少炎  李复庭 《岩土力学》2012,33(Z2):178-184

采用高速摄影仪,拍摄轻气炮中弹丸对侵彻面不同侵角的高强度混凝土靶体的侵彻过程,分析靶体侵角、弹丸着靶速度对弹丸侵彻靶体的运动特征。研究结果表明,弹丸以200 m/s左右的低速侵彻靶体时,弹丸在侵彻角度为0°的靶体中作水平运动,靶体侵角大于0°时,弹丸均在着靶后150～200 μs发生偏转;弹丸在靶体中的水平侵彻速度、偏转角度与其侵彻时间有很好的相关性,靶体侵角一定时,弹丸着靶速度越小,弹丸水平侵彻时所需时间越短,靶体飞溅物的速度越小;靶体侵彻面角度对靶体飞溅物速度和弹丸水平侵彻时间的影响作用相对比弹丸着靶速度的大,说明靶体侵角的大小是安全防护工事中不可忽视的重要问题。  相似文献   

强夯置换软土中碎石墩形成过程的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑凌逶  周风华 《岩土力学》2014,35(1):90-97

强夯置换工程要求保证夯沉量、置换墩长度等设计指标,通常通过试夯确定必要夯击次数。研究置换墩形成机制,确定夯锤能量释放时间、填料运动规律、锤底动压力等因素,对优化强夯置换工艺有重要作用。目前有关置换墩形成机制的研究较少,往往套用强夯工程的基本参数或机制来解决。针对这一问题设计了一种模型试验方法,研究强夯冲击下填料、软土与夯锤之间的相互作用过程。试验研究表明：每次夯击中夯锤的运动加速度曲线可以分为4个阶段,分别代表了夯锤作用下土体-填料的不同运动过程;通过分析夯锤的动态力-位移曲线,阐述各阶段随夯击和填料次数变化而发生的变化及原因;随填料次数的增加,在相同夯击能下,每次夯击中夯锤的能量释放时间减小,峰值动态力增加,这反映了随着夯击次数增加,软土基础中碎石墩逐渐形成的过程。  相似文献   

Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Andaman–Sumatra subduction margin: Current understanding     

Partha P.  Chakraborty  Prosanta K.  Khan 《Island Arc》2009,18(1):184-200

The Andaman–Sumatra margin displays a unique set‐up of extensional subduction–accretion complexes, which are the Java Trench, a tectonic (outer arc) prism, a sliver plate, a forearc, oceanic rises, inner‐arc volcanoes, and an extensional back‐arc with active spreading. Existing knowledge is reviewed in this paper, and some new data on the surface and subsurface signatures for operative geotectonics of this margin is analyzed. Subduction‐related deformation along the trench has been operating either continuously or intermittently since the Cretaceous. The oblique subduction has initiated strike–slip motion in the northern Sumatra–Andaman sector, and has formed a sliver plate between the subduction zone and a complex, right‐lateral fault system. The sliver fault, initiated in the Eocene, extended through the outer‐arc ridge offshore from Sumatra, and continued through the Andaman Sea connecting the Sagaing Fault in the north. Dominance of regional plate dynamics over simple subduction‐related accretionary processes led to the development and evolution of sedimentary basins of widely varied tectonic character along this margin. A number of north–south‐trending dismembered ophiolite slices of Cretaceous age, occurring at different structural levels with Eocene trench‐slope sediments, were uplifted and emplaced by a series of east‐dipping thrusts to shape the outer‐arc prism. North–south and east–west strike–slip faults controlled the subsidence, resulting in the development of a forearc basins and record Oligocene to Miocene–Pliocene sedimentation within mixed siliciclastic–carbonate systems. The opening of the Andaman Sea back‐arc occurred in two phases: an early (～11 Ma) stretching and rifting, followed by spreading since 4–5 Ma. The history of inner‐arc volcanic activity in the Andaman region extends to the early Miocene, and since the Miocene arc volcanism has been associated with an evolution from felsic to basaltic composition.  相似文献   

Accuracy assessment of the Mexican National Forest Inventory map: A study in four ecogeographical areas     

Stéphane Couturier  Jean‐François Mas  Erna López‐Granados  Jorge Benítez  Valdemar Coria‐Tapia  Álvaro Vega‐Guzmán 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(2):163-179

The accuracy of the Mexican National Forest Inventory (NFI) map is derived in four distinct ecogeographical areas, using an assessment design tailored for the project. A main achievement of the design was to integrate the high diversity of classes encompassed at the most detailed subcommunity level of the classification scheme within a cost‐controlled statistically sound assessment. A hybrid double sampling strategy was applied to the 2.5 million‐ha study area. A total of 5955 reference sites were verified against their NFI map label. The availability of detailed quasi‐synchronous reference data for the 2000 Landsat‐derived NFI and the high diversity of mapped classes allowed a careful thematic analysis on the selected regions, relevant for national extrapolation. Global accuracy estimates of 64–78 per cent were registered among the four ecogeographical areas (two with mainly temperate climate and the other two with mainly tropical climate), with the lower accuracy levels found in areas more densely covered with forests. According to the estimates, the NFI map tends to underestimate the presence of temperate forest (especially oak) and overestimate the presence of tropical forest in the areas investigated. The analysis of confusions reveals difficulties in unambiguously interpreting or labelling forests with secondary vegetation, herbaceous and/or shrub‐like vegetation as well as distinguishing between aquatic vegetation types. The design proved useful from the perspective of accuracy assessments of regional maps in biodiverse regions.  相似文献   

油气管道穿越黄土冲沟的管线设计参数研究     

唐明明  王芝银  马兰平  曾志华  张之沛 《岩土力学》2010,31(4):1314-1318

长输油气管道经过黄土冲沟边坡时常常采用斜井穿越的方式,采用数值强度折减法与实际地形建模结合的方法,以陕西千阳黄土冲沟边坡为例,通过对黄土力学参数的不断折减,以收敛性准则作为边坡是否产生滑动的破坏判据,根据边坡滑动时的位移等值线图确定了边坡潜在滑动面的形状及位置,确定了管线穿越斜井的初始安全设计参数;基于初步设计参数研究了管线斜井开挖过程中井周土体的位移变化规律,并对斜井开挖后黄土冲沟边坡的稳定性安全系数进行了进一步分析计算。分析结果表明,所给出的管线穿越斜井设计参数的确定方法,能在设计阶段有效避开冲沟边坡潜在滑动区,基于这种设计参数使得管道斜井施工对边坡稳定性影响很小,边坡安全系数由1.162变为1.156,变化不大。根据计算结果,对斜井支护区域也提出了合理的建议。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘赛什腾-锡铁山左行逆冲断裂及地质意义   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

王根厚  冉书明  李明 《地质力学学报》2001,7(3):224-230

本文在对赛什腾-锡铁山斜冲断裂构造重点地段详细构造解析的基础上,结合沉积、地球物理资料对该斜冲断裂构造的几何学、运动学及时代进行了研究,探讨了断裂形成与区域地质背景的关系,提出柴达木盆地北缘的赛什腾、绿梁山、锡铁山是向南斜向逆覆于新第三纪沉积岩之上的无根推覆体,并认为该断裂的形成与喜马拉雅造山带陆内俯冲远程效应相关。   相似文献   

Modelling the impact of a time-varying wave angle on the nonlinear evolution of sand bars in the surf zone     

Abdel Nnafie  Niek van Andel  Huib de Swart 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2603-2612

Sandy beaches are often characterized by the presence of sand bars, whose characteristics (growth, migration speed, etc.) strongly depend on offshore wave conditions, such as wave height and angle of wave incidence. This study addresses the impact of a sinusoidally time-varying wave angle of incidence with different time-means on the saturation height, migration speed and longshore spacing of sand bars. Model results show that shore-transverse sand bars (so-called TBR bars) eventually develop under a time-varying wave angle. Depending on the time-mean, amplitude and period of the varying angle of wave incidence, the mean heights and mean migration speeds of the bars can be larger or smaller than their corresponding values in the case of time-invariant angles. Bars might not even form when the wave angle varies around a too large oblique mean value, whereas bars exist in the case of a time-invariant wave angle. The oscillations in both bar height and migration speed are large if the period of the time-varying wave angle is close to the adjustment timescale of the system and if large differences in the local growth and migration rates of the bars occur during one oscillation period. The oscillations in bar height are a combination of harmonics with the principal period and half the period of the time-varying wave angle, whereas those of migration speed contain only the principal period. Bars that are subject to time-varying wave angles have larger longshore crest-to-crest spacings than those which form under fixed wave angles. Physical explanations for these findings are given. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

集群技术下的实景三维建模     

何雁如  徐敬海  秦骏 《测绘通报》2019,(4):119-124

计算机集群技术的出现为倾斜摄影测量中实景三维自动化建模时遇到的计算资源匮乏问题提供了解决途径。本文论述了集群在实景三维建模中的两种应用模式：基于物理并行计算的集群和基于逻辑并行计算的集群；阐述了在逻辑并行计算的集群模式下ContextCapture软件进行实景三维建模的流程；提出了该集群模式下子测区划分的5个原则：起降点原则、飞行高度原则、建筑物密度/植被密度原则、最大计算量原则、航线角度原则，并有效控制了划子区后的精度问题。最后，本文利用实验室多台普通PC机实现了某测区实景三维集群建模，结果表明：该方法自动化建立模型精度满足测区需求，可有效加快自动化建模速度，降低生产成本。  相似文献   

大载荷长航时无人机航空应急测绘系统设计与实现     

王中祥  武昊  朱杰  王俊伟  张蓉晖 《测绘通报》2019,(9):128-134

无人机航空摄影是应急测绘保障的重要手段。近年来，大载荷长航时无人机已逐步进入民用领域。以往关于航空应急测绘系统的研究主要是针对轻小型无人机和有人机，缺少适用于大载荷长航时无人机性能和特点的系统设计方法。本文首先分析了不同固定翼无人机产品的性能差异，从无人机平台、任务传感器、遥感数据处理软件等的集成关系入手，提出了基于航测控制器的多载荷一体化集成的设计方案，以及涵盖航摄规划、视频实时处理、影像高精度处理的软件系统集成方案。采用该设计方案研制实现了CH-4航空应急测绘系统，并在四川广元某区域进行了试验，结果表明该系统不仅可以同时获取视频、光学影像和SAR数据，而且数据获取质量能够满足大比例尺测图的要求。  相似文献   

三维不动产权籍测绘生产关键技术   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李峰 《测绘通报》2019,(9):73-76,114

随着城市空间利用的复杂化、规模化，传统的二维GIS无法满足三维不动产的精细化、准确化的空间信息管理。本文以满足不动产登记要求为出发点，对三维不动产权籍测绘生产中倾斜摄影实景三维模型建立、三维模型单体化、不动产登记数据整合、三维模型与不动产登记数据关联，以及三维不动产权籍数据库建立的关键技术展开研究，并通过实例得以验证，实现了三维不动产登记信息的精细化管理，有效提升了不动产登记过程中具体业务的工作效率，可以辅助不动产统一登记工作的快速推进。  相似文献